一、动词不定式
1.动词不定式作宾语。
1)在动词 want, hope, would like, decide, wish, choose, try, need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。
I hope______ (hear) from you soon.
2)． think/ find/ feel/ make it+ adj+ to do sth
He found it difficult_______ (get) to sleep.
3)． stop to do sth/ stop doing sth
stop to do sth停下来去做某事 stop doing sth停止正在做的事。
After working for a long time, He has to stop_______( have) a rest. He was very tired, so he had to stop______ (work).
2.动词不定式作宾语补。
1).带 to的不定式作宾补的动词有： ask/ like/ would like/ teach/ tell/ want/ help+ sb+ to do sth
Please ask him_________ (come) quickly.
2).省掉 to的不定式作宾补的动词有： let/ make/ hear/ see/ notice/ have/ watch+ sb+ do sth
注：省掉 to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原 to.
He made the baby_______ (stop) crying.
The baby was made___________ crying.
3.动词不定式作主语
1).动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2).常用 it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。
To do sth+谓语动词+ adj/ n= It+谓语动词+ adj/ n+ to do sth To get an injection is a little painful._____ a little painful________ an injection
4.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后
名词或代词+ to do(介词)
注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。
I want a pen to write______.
I want a piece of paper to write______.
5.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+ to do sth
注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth.
Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital?
Can you tell me_____________ the hospital.
6.动词不定式可作状语
1).动词不定式可作目的状语
在 come/ go/ leave后面接动词不定式作目的状语。
He came here______ (get) his book.
2).动词不定式可作原因状语表语形容词（ sorry/ sad/ happy/ glad/ afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语 He was glad_______ (see) his wife.
3).动词不定式可作结果状语在 too… to…, not… enough to…句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。 He was too tired_______ (walk) on.
7.动词不定式作表语
be+ to do sth
注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。
Her wish is_______ (become) a doctor. __________ is her wish.
8.动词不定式的否定形式
在动词不定式的前面加 not.
He told me_______( not stay) here.
9.动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。
1).动词不定式符号的省略情况若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉 to.但两者有对比关系时， to都不能省略。 Edison’s mother taught him to write and read. I haven’ t decided to go home or to go to the cinema.
2)省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号 to的情况。
Will you take a walk with me? I’m glad to.
Would you like to join my birthday party? I would love to.
二、动名词
1.动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Reading in bed______ (be) bad for your eyes.
2.有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。
三、现在分词
1.现在分词常放在 see, hear, watch, notice等之后作宾补。
I saw the boy____ (play) in the street just now.
2.现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
A sleeping baby= a baby who is sleeping. Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?= Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?
3.现在分词表伴随情况 He came into the classroom, carrying a book.
四、过去分词
1.作宾补 have/ get+ sth+ done表示请别人干某事 I had my TV repaired last night.
2.作定语 单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Have you ever read any books written by Luxun? Have you ever read any books__________ written by Luxun?
3.作表语
过去分词作表语已经形容词化
My cup is broken.
