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中考英语虚拟语气考点讲解

虚拟,在汉语中表示一种假设的,不存在的情况,同样,英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在初中阶段,虚拟语气一般用于下列情况:

一、条件状语从句

1、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式( be通常用 were),主句谓语用“ should( would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:

If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实上我不可能是你)

If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(事实上我不知道)

2、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反,从句:主语+ had done,主句:主语+ should/ would/ could/ might+ have done,例如:

If I'd left soonerI'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

If I had got there earlier, I should/ could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。 (事实:去晚了)

3、与将来事实相反

从句:① if+主语+ were to do主句:①主语+ should/ would/ could/ might+ do

if+主语+ did/ were②主语+ should/ would/ could/ might+ do

if+主语+ should+ do③主语+ should/ would/ could/ might+ do

例如: If he wentwould you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗(大概他不会去)

If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。 (事实:来的可能性很小)

注意与说明:对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:

一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测;

二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“ should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“ were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);

三是当条件从句使用“ should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“ should( would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如:

I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。

If it should rain tomorrow, dont expect me. 万一明天下雨,就别等我了。

二、 wish后宾语从句

1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式。例如:

I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)

2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词: had+ done例如:

I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实:那时还不知道)

3、表示将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词: should/ would(情态动词)+动词原形

I wish I should havea chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)

常见考法

对于虚拟语气的考查,在单项和完形填空中出现的较多,在阅读理解中,也常会出现虚拟语气的句子。我们掌握了虚拟语气的用法,会帮助我们更好的理解短文。

典型例题: Mary is ill today. If she_____, she____ absent from school.

A. were not illwouldn't be

B. had been illwouldn't have been

C. had been illshould have been

D. hadn't been illcould be

解析:题干的意思是“ Mary今天病了,如果她没生病,今天她就会去上学了”。因为第一句说, Mary今天病了,所以本题考查的是与现在情况相反的事情,因之,主句用 wouldshouldcould+动词原型,从句用一般过去时。

答案: A