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人们面对两种选择时,常常是肯定一种,而否定另一种。换句话来说,也就是“取”和“舍”。“取”和“舍”的表达方式多种多样,各有特点,现将它们的常见的表达方式归纳如下:
1. more A than B意为“与其说 B不如说 A”。例如:
He is more a scholar than a teacher.
与其说他是教师,不如说他是学者。
It is even more a picture than a poem.
与其说那是一首诗,不如说那是一幅画。
2. less A than B意为“与其说 A不如说 B”。例如:
She regards me less as her teacher than as her friend.
她把我看作朋友,没有把我看成老师。
Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal.
经验表明,成功的取得与其说是由于才能,不如说是由于热心。
3. better A than B意为“与其说 B不如说 A”。其实,这是“ It is better to do something than+从句或其他”的省略。例如:
Better to do well than to say well.
说得好不如做得好。
Better die standing than live kneeling.
宁可站着死,不可跪着生。
4. rather A than B意为“与其说 B不如说 A”。
rather than表示取舍时,其后不定式的 to可有可无,也可以是动词的 - ing形式。将 rather than分开写与连在一起写,对意义影响不大。例如:
He is rather diligent than clever.
与其说他是聪明,不如说他是勤奋。
We should check up rather than accept what he says.
与其听他说,不如我们自己去核实一下。
5. not so much A as B意为“与其说 A不如说 B”。例如:
I did that not so much for myself as for my son.
我做这件事与其说是为自己,不如说是为我儿子。
A man 39; s worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is.
一个人的价值不在于他有什么,而在于他是个什么样的人。
6. may/ might as well A as B意为“与其说 B不如说 A”。例如:
You may as well throw your money away as spend it in gambling.
你与其把钱花在赌博上,倒不如把它白白扔掉。
We may as well take a taxi home( as walk home).
我们还是坐一辆出租车回家的好。
7. not A but B意为“不是 A而是 B”。例如:
He is not a musician but a playwright and poet.
他不是音乐家,而是剧作家和诗人。
My brother majors not in maths, and but in English.
我弟弟不是学数学专业的,而是学英语专业的。
8. Not that A but that B意为“不是因为 A而是因为 B”。
Not that A but that B其实是“ It is not that…, but that…”句型的省略,属强调句,这样用只是进一步作正反对比。例如:
Not that I dislike the job, but that I have no time to do it now.
不是因为我不喜欢那工作,而是因为我无暇顾及。
Not that I don 39; t want to help you, but that it 39; s beyond my power to do so.
并不是我不想帮忙,而是我能力有限。
9. would rather A than B意为“宁愿做 A不愿做 B”。例如:
I would rather stay at home than go to the seaside for the holidays.
我宁愿呆在家里也不愿去海边度假。
I would rather I suffered a great loss in money than you should cheat others.
我宁愿自己蒙受重大的经济损失,也不愿你再去骗其他的人。
10. prefer A to B意为“宁愿要 A不愿要 B”。
A、 B为对等的动词不定式时,若将 to换为 rather than,则其后的动词不定式省略 to。例如:
I prefer tea to coffee, as a Chinese.
作为中国人,我更喜欢喝茶。
The visiting professor preferred giving lectures to being invited to meetings at times.
来访的教授宁愿给学生作报告也不愿不时地被邀请去开会。
The bus is crowded, so I prefer to go home on foot rather than take a bus.
车上很挤,所以我宁愿步行也不愿乘车。