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情态动词考点透视

情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等,它是英语动词中最难把握的一类,也是每年中考必考内容。

命题热点:为情态动词的基本用法辨析,情态动词表示态度的用法辨析,情态动词表示推测的用法辨析,情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。

考查形式:主要体现在听力理解、单项填空和完形填空中。下面就近几年来中考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。

典例精析

一、考查情态动词的基本用法

一些常见情态动词的非常用意义往往为高考考查的焦点,考生须确切理解其含义并根据句子意思选择正确的情态动词。

1:" The interest______ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides." declared the judge.

A.may B.should C.must D. shall

2:— The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?

Of course.

A.Will B.Shall C.Would D. Do

分析:上述两题均考查 shall的非常用含义,当 shall用于一、三人称疑问句中时,表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等,故上述三题答案分别为 DB

3He&# 39; s strangehe______ sit for hours without saying anything.

A.shall B.will C.can D. must

分析: will用来谈习惯和特性,尤其是不受时限必然发生的情况。本句意思为“他很怪,能一坐几个小时一句话也不说”,故答案为 B

4John, look at the time. ______ you play the piano at such a late hour?

A.Must B.Can C.May D. Need

5Tom, you______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

A. wouldn&# 39; t B. mustn&# 39; t C. needn&# 39; t D.may not

分析: must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏要,硬要、干嘛”;而 mustn&# 39; t则表示禁止、不允许,是说话人强有力的劝告,故答案分别为 AB

6You can&# 39; t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman______ be so rude to a lady.

A.might B.need C.should D. would

分析:在某些名词性从句中, should表示惊异、意外等情绪,常译为“竟然”,故答案为 C如: It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。

7:______ it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

A.Should B.Would C.Could D. Must

分析:在条件状语从句中, should表示“万一”,即可表示不能实现的假设,又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为“万一明天下雨,会议就延期。”,故答案为 A

8A left-luggage office is a place where bags______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

A.should B.can C.must D. will

9The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it______ be very slow.

A.should B.must C.will D. can

分析: can表示推测时常用于疑问和否定句中,用于肯定句中常常表示理论上的可能性,用来表达事件或情况可能发生(但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生),故答案分别为 BD

二、考查情态动词的推测用法

1.对现在或客观事实的推测

对现在或客观事实的肯定推测一般用 must/ will/ should/ may (might)/ could语气依次递减。

10Helen______ go on the trip with us but she isn&# 39; t quite sure yet.

A.shall B.must C.may D. can

11:— I&# 39; ve taken someone else&# 39; s green sweater by mistake.

It______ Harry&# 39; s. He always wears green.

A.has to be B.will be C. mustn&# 39; t be D.could be

12That, I think,______ be all that I want to say.

A.can B.could C.will D.ought to

分析: must的语气最强,译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”; should的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应该”,指按常理推测; may (might)译为“也许、大概”,表示把握不大的推断,后面常跟 but could的语气最弱,译为“也许”、“可能”,故答案分别为 CDC

对现在或客观事实的否定推测,常用 cannot译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示推测的语气非常肯定, may/ might/ could not译为“可能不”、“也许不”,表示推测的语气不很肯定。

13You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers______ not like the design of the furniture.

A.must B.shall C.may D. need

14:— Isn&# 39; t that Ann&# 39; s husband over there?

No, it_______ be himI&# 39; m sure he doesn&# 39; t wear glasses.

A. can&# 39; t B.must not C. won&# 39; t D.may not

分析:在例 13中, might just as well表示“最好……,还是……为好”,说明喜欢的可能性不大,故用 may not14,根据后面的 I&# 39; m sure可以看出,推测的语气较强,故用 can&# 39; t译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩,常用于否定语气较强时,故答案分别为 CA

对现在或客观事实的疑问推测,往往用 cancould,而不用 may/ might

15Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?

A.can B.should C.may D. must

分析:对现在或客观事实的疑问推测,往往用 cancould,表示惊异、怀疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩,故答案为 A

2.对过去事实的推测

对过去已发生事情的肯定推测常用“ must/ may/ might+ have+ v-ed”,“ must+ have+ v-ed”意思为“想必、准是、一定是”,语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句,而“ may/ might+ have+ v-ed”意思为“也许、或许”,表示推测的把握不大,只能用于肯定或否定句,不用于疑问句;对过去的否定推测常用“ can/ could/ may/ might not+ have+ v-ed”,意思为“不可能/可能没做过……”;对过去的疑问推测只用“ can/ could+ have+ v-ed”,意思为“可能已经……”。

16He_______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside.

A.should B.must C. wouldn&# 39; t D. can&# 39; t

分析:根据后一分句判断,前一分句应该表示肯定完成了工作,故用“ must+ have+ v-ed”意思为“想必、准是、一定是”,语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句,故答案为 B

17My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____ your lecture.

A. couldn&# 39; t have attended B. needn&# 39; t have attended

C. mustn&# 39; t have attended D. shouldn&# 39; t have attended

分析: must表推测时,不用于否定, needn&# 39; t have+ v-ed表示“本来没有必要”, shouldn&# 39; t have+ v-ed表示“本来不应该”,“ can/ could not+ have+ v-ed”意思为“不可能做过……”,故答案为 A

18:— Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.

Well. He______ have gone fahis coat&# 39; s still here.

A. shouldn&# 39; t B. mustn&# 39; t C. can&# 39; t D. wouldn&# 39; t

分析: can&# 39; t have gone far在此表示现在对过去所发生事情的否定推测,意思为“现在不可能走远了”,故答案为 C

三、考查情态动词的虚拟用法

19:— I&# 39; ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.

You________ her last week.

A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told

分析:对过去发生事情的责备或遗憾应用“情态动词+ have+ v-ed”,据此可排除答案 AC,而 would+ have+ v-ed常用于过去的虚拟语气中, should( ought to)+ have+ v-ed”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做,含有责备的含义。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了,故答案为 D

20He paid for a seat, when he______ have entered free.

A.could B.would C.must D. need

分析:“ could+ have+ v-ed”用于肯定句中,表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味,侧重有能力而没能做成。该句意思为:“他花钱买了座位,而他本来可以免费进去的。”,故答案为 A

备考建议:掌握情态动词的基本词义及其用法是把握情态动词的关键,同时要认真比较每个情态动词的用法,注意其细微差别,如 shallcanmustshouldwill的用法差异;熟悉每个情态动词的适用场合,根据语境及说话人的语气选择恰当的情态动词,如用于推测时, must只用于肯定句中, can一般不能用于肯定句中, may/ might不能用于疑问句中;牢记情态动词表示推测的用法,尤其是对过去发生情况的推测;积累虚拟语气的用法,尤其是一些句势和特殊情况。