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同学们经常能在课本或考卷上发现动词不定式的身影,可见这一语法现象是英语学习的一个重难点。今天我们将对动词不定式的“特例”用法进行一个大搜捕,希望能“捕”到你们所未知的哦!
一、省略“ to”的动词不定式
to是动词不定式常常带有的小品词,是动词不定式的标志,但在下列情况下它常常被省略掉。
1.作感官动词 see, watch, hear, feel, notice等的宾语补足语时。如:
We felt the house shake. 我们感到房屋摇晃。
2.作使役动词 make, let, have等的宾语补足语时。如:
She lets us meet her at the station. 她让我们去车站接她。
3. help后的宾语补足语前可带 to也可不带 to。如:
She helped her mother( to) prepare for Christmas. 她帮助她母亲为圣诞节做准备。
4.在“ Will you please…?”结构中,不定式符号 to要省略。如:
Will you please close the door? 请你关上门,好吗?
5.在“ had better (not)…”结构中,不定式符号 to要省略。如:
You had better not talk in class. 在课堂上,你最好不要说话。
6.在“ would rather(宁愿)…”结构中,不定式符号 to要省略。如:
I would rather stay at home. 我宁愿待在家里。
7.在“ Why not…?”结构中,紧跟其后的动词不定式要省略 to。如:
Why not ask Jim? 为什么不问问吉姆?
8.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时,第一个不定式前加 to,后面的不定式往往省略 to。如:
He told me to finish my homework and hand it in. 他告诉我完成作业并把它交上去。
二、疑问词+动词不定式
疑问词 what, which, how, where, when等可以和动词不定式连用,构成不定式短语。“疑问词+动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语、表语等。如:
When to start off hasn't been decided yet. 什么时候出发还没决定。(作主语)
The question is which bus to take. 问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。(作表语)
“疑问词+动词不定式”可以由名词从句简化而来。如:
I don't know what I should say. → I don't know what to say.
三、 too… to…/ enough to和 so… that…
so… that…引导的结果状语从句可以用 too… to…和 enough to…改成简单句,若从句是否定含义既可用“ too+形容词/副词+ to…”改写,也可用“ not+形容词/副词(原句中形容词/副词的反义词)+ enough+ to…”改写;若从句是肯定含义常用 enough to…改写。如:
1. The girl is so young that she can't join the army.
→ The girl is too young to join the army.
→ The girl is not old enough to join the army. 这个女孩太小不能参军。
2. He runs so fast that he can get there first.
→ He runs fast enough to get there first. 他跑得够快,可以第一个到那儿。
怎么样?这次动词不定式的“特例”大搜捕,你们可有收获呀?