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定语从句( Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。下面我们一起来看一下定语从句的一些典型错误吧!
1. She used to help my brother, who was very kind of her.
改:将 who改为 which。
析:犯这类错误的主要原因是把 my brother错当成了先行词。关系代词 which指代的先行词是整个主句,它引导非限定性定语从句。
2. Do you still remember the day when we spent together in China last year?
改:将 when改为 that/ which或将 when删除。
析:犯这类错误的主要原因是没有弄清关系代词与关系副词的用法区别。不能因为先行词表示时间就一定用关系副词 when,而要学会准确把握句子的结构,正确分析句子的成分。例句中定语从句要用关系代词引导,并在定语从句中作 spent的宾语。
3. The way which you look at problems is wrong.
改:在 which前加 in或者将 which改为 that,也可将 which删除。
析:当先行词是 the way时,定语从句常用 that/ in which引导, that/ in which也可省略。
4. We were interested in the things and people whom we saw during the trip.
改:将 whom改为 that。
析:当先行词既有人又有物时,定语从句用关系代词 that引导, that作宾语时可省略。
5. It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.
改:将 where改为 that。
析:犯这类错误的主要原因是把强调句型与定语从句混为一谈了。例句为强调句型,强调的是地点状语 in the kitchen。
6. Is this factory that you have been working in since your graduation?
改:在 that前加 the one。
析:犯这类错误的原因是把 this factory错看作是定语从句的先行词了。解答这类题时,我们不妨先将疑问语序改为陈述语序, this factory是主句的主语,故应添加 the one作定语从句的先行词。当然,在 factory前加 the也可以,那么 this是主语, the factory是表语。
7. He is such a lazy man as no one wants to work with him.
改:将 him删除或将 as改为 that。
析:犯这类错误的主要原因是把 such... as...和 such... that...两个句型混淆了。
8. There are many books in the library, most of which is in Chinese.
改:将 is改为 are。
析:关系代词作主语时,定语从句中谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。例句中关系代词 which指代的是先行词 books,故从句谓语动词应用复数形式。
9. I am terribly sorry for having broken the MP 4 I borrowed it from you the other day.
改:去掉 it。
析:定语从句中的关系代词在从句中充当一定的成分,因此从句中不能再出现与关系代词指代相同的代词或名词,以避免重复。例句中 it与省略了的关系代词 that/ which重复,应去掉。
10. We will do all what we can to help you out.
改:改 what为 that或将 what删除。
析:先行词为指物的不定代词时,定语从句用 that来引导, that在从句中作宾语时可省略,而 what不能引导定语从句。
11. He is our English teacher, without his help I couldn't have made such rapid progress.
改:将 his改为 whose。
析:犯这类错误的主要原因是没有弄清句子结构。这是一个主从复合句,逗号前面是主句,逗号后面是"介词+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句。
12. The scientist has made another discovery, that I believe is of great importance.
改:将 that改为 which。
析: that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
13. There's somebody that wants you on the telephone.
改: that改为 who或去掉 that。
析:先行词是 - body, - one构成的复合代词时,关系代词用 who/ whom不用 that。口语中在 It/ There/ Here be后面的关系代词可省略。
14. John, who greeted me is my teacher, that is deeply respected by all.
改: me之后加逗号; that改为 who。
析:第一个 who引导的是非限制性定语从句。从句位于句中时,两头须用逗号与主句隔开。第二个 who引导的也是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词在指人时须用 who/ whom,在指物时须用 which,不能用 that。
15. Do you know the reason why do many people like Zhang Yimou's films?
改:去掉 why之后的 do。
析:定语从句须用陈述句语序。关系副词 why在从句中作原因状语,其先行词是表示原因的 reason。
16. Which is known to all, Mount Emei is one of the famous mountains of China.
改: Which改为 As。
析: which, as都可作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,表示整个主句的内容,并在从句中作主语、宾语。这种从句放在主句的后边时, which, as均可引导;放在主句的前边时,一般用 as引导。
17. Who are the persons who are sitting on the travel bags and which is the bag which belongs to me?
改:将句中第二 who和第二个 which都改为 that。
析:当主句是以 who或 which开头的特殊疑问句时,为了避免重复,定语从句要用 that引导而不用 who/ whom和 which引导。
18. The woman who you spoke is an actress.
改:在 spoke之后加 to。
析:关系代词 who在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词须后置。如果介词 to前置, who得变为 whom。
19. The number of people lost homes reached as many as 250,000 in the earthquake and the fires in San Francisco in 1906.
改:在 people之后加关系代词 who/ that。
析:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。
同学们,通过对以上练习的分析,希望大家能用今天的知识正确的表达“我们昨天去的那个公司有 5层楼。”,大家快来抢沙发吧!