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从句的学习是初中英语学习中相对较难的一个知识点,弄清并掌握从句对于想学好英语的同学十分关键。我们都知道词构成句,句构成段,段从而构成一篇文章,所以学好从句才能准确地理解英语文章的大意,领悟英语语言的魅力。不仅如此,学好从句对同学们的完型、阅读理解也有一定的帮助。
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中主要有三大从句,即:
1.名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句);
2.定语从句;
3.状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
1)主语从句用作主语,如:
That the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的是真实的。
2)宾语从句用作宾语。如:
Do you know where he lives? 你知道他住在哪里吗?
3)表语从句用作表语,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
4)同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如:
The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。( that从句用于解释说明 the fact)
5)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是 John。
6)状语从句相当于一个副词,如:
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。(时间状语)
If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。( if引导的条件状语从句,其结构为: if+状语从句,+主句)。要注意在状语从句中有一个规,则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged. 他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。(结果状语,结果状语只是仅限于 learn(得知), find, see, hear, to be told(被告知), make等具有界限含义的动词。)
You must speak louder so that/ in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大声说话,才能让所有人听到你说话。(目的状语,可以由 that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。)
Since/ As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天气那么糟,旅行推迟了。(原因状语从句,常用 because, since, as, for fear(恐怕), seeing that, now that/ since(既然), considering that(考虑到)等引导。)
Athough/ Though he was worn out, he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。(让步状语从句,引导的连词主要有以下这些: though, although, as; even if, even though; whether... or...; no matter+疑问词,疑问词 - ever等。)
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。(地点状语从句,通常由 where或 wherever引导。)
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。(方式状语从句通常由 as, (just) as… so…, as if, as though等引导。)
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易,谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。如:
I am a teacher. 其中, I是主语, am是谓语, a teacher是表语。
He likes playing football very much. 其中, he是主语, likes是谓语, playing football是宾语, very much是状语。
通过以上复习,我相信聪明的你一定很好的掌握了初中英语从句了吧!现在我来造一个句子: If it 39; s sunny, our family will go to Happy Valley on National Day together. 大家来判断一下它是什么从句吧!