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2012中考英语重点语法辨析:主谓一致问题

在英语中,能够充当主语的成分五花八门,如何使它和谓语动词保持性、数上的一致,不但是英语学习的一个重要课题,也是历来中考拟题关注的热点。现在就让我们一起来复习一下这一语法知识点吧!

1、主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语用单数。如:

The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明。)

The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷。)

2、集体名词(如 family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:

Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班。)

② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:

Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图。)

3Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:

There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊。)

There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊。)

4maths, news等虽然有 s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:

The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋。)

5glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买。)

6a lot of后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:

A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球。)

A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上。)(被动句)

7and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:

The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果。)

Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品。)

8there be句型中 be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:

There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子。)

9、用 bothand…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:

Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来。)

10、主语中含有 with的短语时,谓语单复数由 with之前的人物决定。如:

A woman with a 7 - year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边。)

11eitheror…或者 neithernor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:

Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的。)

Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里。)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:

Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间。)

Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance.(两千千米是相当长的一段距离。)

13、主语中含有 half of…/ three quarters of…/ all (of) the…等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:

Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的。)

A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍。)

All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了。)(被动句)

但是, population一词又有特殊情况:

What's the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数)

Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs.(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人。)(句子用复数)