你不可不知的三个有关情态动词的做题技巧,快来学习吧!
1. 充分利用句子语境
纵观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况,有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用,即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思,就可作出正确选择。
【典型例题】
( 1)( 05安徽) Helen______ go on the trip with us, but she isn't quite sure yet.
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
分析:答案选 C。由于下文说“她还没有把握”,所以前文要用 may表示没有把握的肯定推测,即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
( 2)( 05广东)— I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.
— It______ Harry's. He always wears green.
A. has to be
B. will be
C. mustn't be
D. could be
分析:答案选 D。后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”,据此语境可推知,这件衣“可能是”哈利的, could表示可能性。
( 3)( 05湖北)— Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
— Well. He_____ have gone far— his coat's still here.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. wouldn't
分析:答案选 C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”,据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”,故选 can't。
( 4)( 05山东) He paid for a seat, when he_____ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析:答案选 A。 could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场,但他买了票”。
( 5)( 05湖南)— Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary.
— She______. I've already borrowed one.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
分析:答案选 C。既然“我已经借了一本”,所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。 needn't在此表示“不必”。
2. 根据时间确定时态
即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说,若对现在情况进行推测,情态动词后接动词原形或进行式;若对过去情况进行推测,则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点);若是对正在发生的情况进行推测,后接动词的进行式。
【典型例题】
( 1)( 05福建)— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You_____ it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn't do
B. needn't have done
C. mustn't do
D. shouldn't have done
分析:答案选 B。句子的语境是:“我自己能做”,所以“你本不必做的”。选 A还是 B呢?根据前面一句中的 have cleaned可知,动作已经发生,所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况,故选 needn't have done。
( 2)( 05辽宁) This cake is very sweet. You______ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put
B. could have put
C. might put
D. must have put
分析:答案选 D。前文说“蛋糕很甜”,下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”,故用“ must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
( 3)( 05江苏)— The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
— Oh, dear! She______ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through
B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through
D. must have gone through
分析:答案选 D。由上文的 stayed可知,此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物 13年才回来。”“天啊!她一定经历了不少苦难!”
3. 注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型,还是用于疑问句型或否定句型,同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。
【典型例题】
( 05浙江) The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it_____ be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析:答案选 D。在通常情况下,情态动词 can表示推测时,只用于否定句和疑问句,不用于肯定句,但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意,而此题考查的正是 can表示“有时”的用法。
若同学们能认真领会,真正掌握这些技巧,那么你就不会在情态动词方面丢分了哦。