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过去完成时的基本用法是表示”过去的过去“,但是,我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示过去先发生的事件,因为有时句意十分清楚。如:
After I finished, I went home. 我做完后就回家了。
在关系从句中,动作的顺序也往往很清楚。如:
I wore the necklace (which) my grandmother (had) left me. 我戴着祖母留给我的项链。
我们常用一般过去时表示依次发生的事件。如:
I got out of the taxi, paid the fare, tipped the driver and dashed into the station. 我下了出租汽车,付了车费,给了司机小费,就跑进火车站。
“ I came, I saw, I conquered,” Julius Caesar declared. 尤利叶斯•凯撒宣称:“我来了,我看见了,我征服了。”
但是,有时我们使用过去时和过去完成时必须十分准确,特别是用 when的时候。如:
When I arrived, Anne left.
我到时,安妮走了。(即两个动作同时发生)
When I arrived, Anne had left.
我到时,安妮已经走了。(即在我到达之前;两个动作先后发生)
第一个句子表示,我见到了安妮,不管时间有多短;第二句表示,我根本没有见到安妮。
【典型例题】
The students___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she___ in the office.
A. had written, left
B. were writing, has left
C. had written, had left
D. were writing, had left
解析:答案为 D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前,因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中 when表示的是时间的一点,表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下, when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意:
had no… when还没等……就……
had no sooner… than刚……就……
如: He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚把车买来就卖了。