字词模式
句模式
段模式
系统设置
更多按钮
网址切换
保存状态
用户反馈
页面收藏
-AA+
英语语法:你真的会“直接引语和间接引语”

直接引语和间接引语是日常交流中经常涉及到的用法,今天来看看它们的具体用法和在不同时态和语境下的变化。

直接引语的定义

直接引语( Direct Speech)包括某人所说的确切的话,口语短语放在引号之间。

直接引语能准确地叙述了当时发生的事情和所说过的话,不需要改变任何可能会用到的时态或代词,只是别忘了 ' say '之前或之后的逗号和引号。

The waiter said,“ The food will be ready soon.

服务员说:“菜很快就好了。

I will visit America next year,” she said.

“明年我要去美国。”她说。

间接引语

间接引语( Indirect Speech)并不像直接引语那么简单,但是一旦你理解了句子结构和间接引语的规则,它的表达也很容易,并且它也是展示你英语能力的好方法。

在间接引语中不使用引号,取而代之的是,我们在复述已经说过的话前加入连接词“ that”。

The waiter said,“ The food will be ready soon.

服务员说:“菜很快就好了。

The waiter said that the food would be ready soon.

服务员说菜很快就好了。

此外,在使用间接引语时,有些情况下必须要改变时态。

一般现在时转换为一般过去时。

She said,“ I play football

她说:“我踢足球”。

She said that she played football.

她说她踢足球。

现在进行时转换为过去进行时。

John said,“ he is reading about World War II in school

约翰说:“他正在学校读关于第二次世界大战的书”。

John said that he was reading about World War II in school.

约翰说他正在学校读关于第二次世界大战的书。

现在完成时转换为过去完成时。

I said,“ he has started the movie

我说:“他已经开始看电影了”。

I said that he had started the movie.

我说他已经开始看电影了。

现在完成进行时转换为过去完成进行时。

He said,“ It has been raining all day

他说:“一整天都在下雨。

He said that it had been raining all day.

他说已经下了一整天的雨。

一般过去时转换为过去完成时。

Kate said,“ I cooked dinner

凯特说:“我做晚饭了。

Kate said that she had cooked dinner.

凯特说她做了晚饭。

过去进行时不变。

She said,“ Jenny was parking the car.

她说:“詹妮当时正在停车。

She said that Jenny was parking the car.

她说詹妮当时正在停车。

过去完成时不变。

They said,“ we had eaten in that restaurant before

他们说:“我们以前在那家餐馆吃过饭。

They said that they had eaten in that restaurant before.

他们说他们以前在那家餐馆吃过饭。

将来时比较简单,只用把“ will”改为“ would”。

She said,“ I will buy food for dinner

她说:“我将要买晚餐用的食物”。

She said that she would buy food for dinner.

她说她将买晚餐要用的食物。

如果间接引语中含有情态动词,也要考虑情态动词的形式变化。

在使用情态动词时,它们在一个句子中能提供额外信息,例如:他们可以表达某人的能力、义务、或某事的可能性或得到许可。

使用间接引语时,你必须改变情态动词:“ can”,“ may”和“ must”从现在时态转换为过去时态。而情态动词:“ would”,“ could”,“ should”,“ ought to”和“ might”在间接引语中则保持不变。

She said,“ I can speak five languages.

她说:“我会说五种语言。

She said that she could speak five languages.

她说她会说五种语言。

He said,“ I may need time off work

他说:“我可能需要休假。

He said that he might need time off work.

他说他可能需要休假。

The teenagers said,“ We must be home before 10 P. M.

青少年们说:“我们必须在晚上 10点之前到家。

The teenagers said that they had to be home before 10 P. M.

青少年们说,他们必须在晚上 10点以前回家。

上面的例子告诉我们情态动词“ can”变为“ could”,“ may”变为“ might”,“ must”变为“ had to”。

时间副词与间接引语

如上所述,使用间接引语时时态必须改变。因此,在使用间接引语时,我们也必须改变时间副词。

today可以改变为 yesterday/ that day

tomorrow可以改变为 today/ the next day

yesterday可以改变为 the previous day/ Thursday

next week/ month/ year可以改变为 next week/ month/ year

last week/ month/ year可以改为 the previous week/ month/ year

Tim said,“ I am going to the match today

提姆说:“我今天要去看比赛。

Tim said that he was going to the match that day.

提姆说他那天要去看比赛。

They said,“ we are going to Spain next year”.

他们说:“我们明年去西班牙。

They said that they were going to Spain in the following year.

他们说他们明年要去西班牙。

直接引语和间接引语在日常交际中扮演着重要的角色,要正确使用需要考虑到多方面的变化。