动词在不同时态下要改变拼写，今天跟着小编一起学习一下规则情况下过去分词和现在分词的变形规律。

过去分词通常用在完成时(规则情况下过去分词与过去时拼写一致，只是过去式通常用在一般过去时)，指过去的动作，变形规律是在动词原形后加上 ed，例如：

I asked her a question.

我问了她一个问题。

现在分词通常用于进行时，指正在发生的动作，变形规律是在动词原形后加上 ing，例如:

I am asking her a question.

我正在问她问题。

通常情况下，加上 ed和 ing后不必再进行其他拼写上的改变，但在某些情况下，改变却又是必要的。下面列举了几种变性规则，让你正确掌握变形规律：

Verbs ending with a silent e

动词以不发音的 e结尾

If the verb ends with an e that isn’ t pronounced( as in bake or smile), then you need to drop this final - e before adding - ed and - ing:

如果动词以不发音的 e结尾(如 bake和 smile这样的开音节)，在加 ed和 ing时要把这个 e删去：

动词过去分词现在分词

bake烘焙 baked baking

smile微笑 smiled smiling

Verbs ending in - ee, - ye, and - oe( such as free, dye, and tiptoe) do not drop the final - e when adding - ing:

若动词以 ee、 ye、 oe结尾（如 free、 dye、 tiptoe），则不要把 e删去，但这时过去分词只需要加 d就可以了：

动词过去分词现在分词

free自由的 freed freeing

dye染 dyed dyeing

tiptoe用脚尖走 tiptoed tiptoeing

A very few verbs keep the final - e when adding - ing to distinguish them from similar words. For example, singe becomes singeing rather than singing( which is the present participle of sing).

还有一小部分次在加 ing时保留词尾的 e以区分其他词。比如 singe的现在分词是 singeing而非 singing，因为 singing是 sing的现在分词。

Verbs ending with a vowel plus - l

动词以元音加 l结尾

If the verb ends with a vowel plus - l( as in travel or equal), then you need to double the l before adding-ed and - ing in British English:

如果动词以元音加 l结尾（如 travel和 equal），在英式英语中要双写 l（美式英语无须如此）：

动词

过去分词

现在分词

travel旅行

travelled

travelling

distil蒸馏

distilled

distilling

equal平等

equalled

equalling

Verbs ending with a single vowel plus a consonant

动词以单元音加辅音结尾

If the verb ends with a single vowel plus a consonant, and the stress is at the end of the word( e. g. refer), then you need to double the final consonant before adding - ed and– ing:

如果非单音节动词以单元音加辅音结尾，并且重音在最后一个音节，要双写最后一个辅音字母：

动词

过去分词

现在分词

admit承认

admitted

admitting

commit犯罪

committed

committing

refer涉及

referred

referring

If the verb ends with a vowel plus a consonant and the stress is not at the end of the word, you don’ t need to double the final consonant when adding - ed and - ing:

如果非单音节动词以单元音加辅音结尾，但重音不在最后一个音节，则无须双写最后一个辅音字母：

动词

过去分词

现在分词

inherit继承

inherited

inheriting

target瞄准

targeted

targeting

visit拜访

visited

visiting

If the verb has only one syllable and ends with a single vowel plus a consonant( e. g. stop), then you need to double the final consonant before adding - ed and - ing:

若果单音节动词以单元音加辅音结尾（如 stop），需要双写最后一个辅音字母：

动词

过去分词

现在分词

stop停止

stopped

stopping

tap轻敲

tapped

tapping

sob啜泣

sobbed

sobbing

Verbs ending with two vowels plus a consonant

动词以双元音加辅音结尾

If the verb ends with two vowels plus a consonant, you should generally not double the final consonant:

如果动词以双元音加辅音结尾，通常无须双写最后一个辅音字母：

动词

过去分词

现在分词

treat款待

treated

treating

wheel转动

wheeled

wheeling

pour泼

poured

pouring

Verbs ending in– c

动词以 c结尾

If the verb ends in - c( e. g. panic), you need to add a - k before adding - ed and - ing, and also - er.

如果动词以 c结尾，在 ed和 ing前要加上 k，在 er前也要如此：

动词

过去分词

现在分词