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英语语法经典例题 800例:形容词和副词(例题)

1. We dont care if a hunting dog smells_____, but we really dont want him to smell____.

A. well, well B. bad, bad

C. well, badly D. badly, bad

【陷阱】容易误选 B,认为两个 smell均为连系动词,后接形容词作表语。

【分析】这是 1995年的一道上海高考题,最佳答案为 D句中的第一个 smell为实义动词,意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”, smell badly意为“嗅觉差”;第二个 smell为连系动词,意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”, smell bad意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好,但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。

2. “_____ do you think of your English teacher?”“ Oh, he is an_____ man.

A. What, interesting B. What, interested

C. How, interesting D. How, interested

【陷阱】容易误选 D,认为第一空应填 how,表示“如何”;第二空应填 interested,因为有的书上说– ing形容词主要说明事物, - ed形容词主要说明人。

【分析】其实最佳答案应是 A英语中表示汉语的“你觉得……如何”时,可用 How do you like...? What do you think of...? 注意两者搭配不同,即 likehow搭配, think ofwhat搭配。另一方面,有的书认为: - ing形容词说明事, - ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的,但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是:表示使(别)人感到如何,用 - ing形容词;表示人自己本身感到如何,用 - ed形容词。比较:

All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。

All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。

I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。

I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。

再比较:

He is frightened. 他很害怕。

He is frightening. 他很吓人。

He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。

He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。

3. The operation was successful, but I still felt_____.

A. very painful B. much painful

C. a lot of pain D. very paining

【陷阱】容易误选 A,想当然地认为: pain表示“痛”,其形容词 painful自然表示表示“感到疼痛的”。

【分析】其实 painful的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”,而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”,所以它通常用于说明事物,而不宜用于说明人。比较并体会:

他仍很痛苦。

正: He is still in pain.

误: He’s still painful.

你感到痛吗

正: Do you feel any pain?

误: Are you painful?

见到你这样生活我很痛心。

正: I am pained to see you living this way.

误: I am painful to see you living this way.

听到他的死讯,我们都很痛苦。

误: We were all painful to hear of his death.

正: We were all pained to hear of his death.

他眼睛痛。

正: He has painful eyes.

误: He’s painful in the eyes.

4. Our team is_____ to win the match.”“ Really? But I dont think so.

A. easy B. difficult

C. possible D. sure

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选,因为假若单纯从中文意思来看,四个答案均说得通。

【分析】正确答案为 DABC三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通,但不合英语习惯。因为按英语习惯, easydifficult后接不定式时,其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it,而不能是具体的人或物,除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。如:

他回答案这个问题很容易。

误: He’s very easy to answer this question.

正: It is very easy for her to answer this question. (用形式主语 it作主语)

正: The question is very easy for her to answer. (主语为具体的事物,但它与其后不定式有动宾关系,即 to answer this question)

我们很难在半小时内完成这工作。

误: We are very difficult to finish the work in half an hour.

正: It is very difficult for us to finish the work in half an hour. (用形式主语 it作主语)

possible来说,后接不定式时,其主语只能是 it,不能是具体的人或事物,即使该主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系也不可以。如:

我们可能会赢得这场比赛。

误: We are possible to win the match.

误: The match is possible for us to win.

正: It is possible that we will win the match.

正: It is possible for us to win the match.