介词是一些非常常见的小词,例如 at、 for、 in、 on和 to,通常位于名词或代词前面,表达与另外一个词之间的关系。
母语是英语的人在常见的介词使用中很少犯错,然而,英语学习者经常犯错,因为他们更多地是直接从自己的语言中翻译,而非听地道的英语。
提高介词使用能力最好的方法是:
1. listen to spoken English as much as possible
尽可能多地听英语口语
2. test yourself on common prepositions
自我测试常用的介词
下面罗列了 10个常见的介词用法错误:
1) arrive at还是 arrive in
* When we arrived to Claudio’s house…
at通常用在具体的地点前: school学校、 restaurant餐厅、 airport机场、 aunt’s house阿姨的家;而 in通常用在城市或国家前面。
✓ When we arrived at Claudio’s house…
我们到达克劳迪奥的家……
✓ The train arrived at Shibuya station thirty seconds late.
火车延迟 30秒到达涩谷车站。
✓ On Friday, the president arrived in Poland.
总统于周五到达波兰。
✓ The K-pop band arrived in Phnom Penh last week.
韩国流行乐队上周到达金边。
2) at night
* We often go out in the night.
in可以用在 in the morning, in the afternoon,和 in the evening里,但是 night前面需要用 at。
✓ We often go out at night.
我们经常在夜晚出门。
✓ Krakow is beautiful at night.
夜晚的克拉科夫很美。
3) look for还是 wait for
* I was looking my glasses.
* Giulia was waiting me at the bus stop.
如果你想表达寻找,那么用 look for或者 search for;如果你想表达等待,那么用 wait for。
✓ I was looking for my glasses.
我在寻找我的眼镜。
✓ Tomis looking for a new job.
汤姆正在寻找一份新工作。
✓ Giulia was waiting for me at the bus stop.
茱莉亚正在车站等着我。
✓ Lucy is waiting for her sister to finish class.
露西正在等她的妹妹放学。
4) for[ period of time]
* I’ve been working here since five years
for用在一段时间前面,比如: a few minutes/ three months/ twenty years。
since和具体的时间点连用,比如: this morning/ September/ the day we met。
✓ I’ve been working here for five years.
我已经在这里工作五年了。
✓ She hasn’ t drunk coffee for years.
她好多年不喝咖啡了。
✓ She’s been living in Yokohama since February.
她从二月起一直住在横滨。
✓ I haven’ t seen her since yesterday morning.
昨天早上之后,我就没再见到她。
5) in[ months and years]
* It’s my birthday on July!
in总是和年份或月份连用。
✓ It’s my birthday in July!
我的生日在 7月。
✓ Ola was born in 2004.
欧拉出生在 2004年。
6) live/ work/ study in[ cities and countries]
* I live at Tokyo.
在某个城市或国家居住、工作或学习用 in,但住在某个具体的地址则用 at,比如在一个特定的机构工作,或者是在某所大学学习。
✓ I live in Tokyo.
我住在东京。
✓ Roberta works in Sassari.
罗伯塔在萨萨里工作。
✓ Hector studies in Canada.
赫克托尔在加拿大学习。
✓ Ania lives at No. 34, Green Street.
艾尼雅住在格林大街 34号。
✓ Ryosuke works for Toyota.
凉介在丰田工作。
✓ Dara studies at Phnom Penh International University.
达拉在金边国际大学读书。
7) on[ days and dates]
* It’s my birthday in Saturday!
on和具体的星期几或日期连用:
✓ It’s my birthday on Saturday!
我的生日在周六
✓ It’s my birthday on May 1 st. ( But remember: It’s my birthday in May.)我的生日在五月一号。(但是要记住:我的生日在五月用 in。)
8) it depends on
* It depends of what you want: Italian food or Chinese food.
depend后面如果要加某人或某物,一定要和 on连用,不然只能说 it depends。
✓ It depends on what you want: Italian food or Chinese food.
这取决于你想吃什么:意大利菜还是中国菜。
✓ We’ ll go to either Disney World or the beach, depending on the weather.
我们要去迪士尼乐园或海滩,这要看天气。
✓ What do you usually have for breakfast– tea or coffee? – It depends!
你早餐通常喝什么——茶还是咖啡—看情况。
9) welcome to
* Welcome in Peru!
欢迎到某地用 welcome to+地点,比如: a house/ school/ organization/ city/ country。
✓ Welcome to Peru!
欢迎来秘鲁
✓ Welcome to Cagliari.
欢迎来卡利亚里。
✓ Welcome to Meiji University.
欢迎来明治大学。
✓ Welcome to the Plaza Hotel. We hope you enjoy your stay.
欢迎来广场饭店,我们希望你在此过得愉快。
10) married to
* He’s married with Kim.
与某人结婚要用 married to或者 get married to,也可以说 marry sb.。
✓ He’s married to Kim.
他和金结婚了。
✓ John’s getting married to Sara next summer.
约翰明年夏天要和萨拉结婚。
✓ Kate is marrying my old school friend.
凯特要和我的一个老校友结婚了。