我们之前学过,英文中,动词不定式分为“带 to不定式”和“不带 to不定式”。而在某些情况下,尽管是不带 to的动词不定式,在其转换成被动语态时,这个 to却是不得不加。而具体是哪些动词的被动语态后必须加 to呢?请听小编细细道来~
一、使役动词+宾语
在 let, make, have等使役动词接宾语的结构中,通常用不带 to的不定式。但当使役动词为被动态时,不带 to不定式转为带 to不定式。
主动: Let’s go and play basketball. 让我们去打篮球吧
The teacher made him stay there quietly. 老师让他安静地呆在那里。
Her father had her do everything. 她爸爸让她做所有事。
被动: He was made to stay there quietly. 人家让他安静地呆在那里。
She was let to tell everything. 她被迫说出一切。
二、感官动词+宾语
在 see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch等感官动词接宾语的结构中,用不带 to不定式。但是当以上动词为被动态时,不带 to不定式转为带 to不定式。
主动: I could only see him go. 我只能看着他走。
Mother watched him eat his breakfast. 妈妈看着他吃完早饭。
We felt the house shake. 我们感到房子的震动。
被动: He was seen to enter the house. 有人看到他进入这个房子。
Someone was heard to open the door by us. 我们听到有人开门。
三、 have known+宾语
“ have known+宾语”后用不带 to的不定式,意思是“看过、听过”,等于“ have seen”或“ have heard”。同样,若是被动态,也需要加 to。
主动: We have never known the boy smile.我们从来不知道那个男孩会笑。
被动: That boy has never been known to smile. 没有人见过那个男孩笑。
不定式有 to还是没有 to?什么时候带 to?什么时候不带 to?什么时候既可以带 to又可以不带 to?这些你都 get到了吗?