具体知识点:
第一部分;基础知识
1.字母: 26个字母的大小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.语音:元音的发音
五个元音字母: AEIOU
12个单元音:长元音:/ɑ:/,/ɔ:/,/ə:/,/ i:/,/ u:/
短元音:/æ// e// i//ɔ//∧// u//ə/
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.句子:大小写,标点符号
第二部分:语法知识
一名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加 - s,如: book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以 s. x. sh. ch结尾,加 - es,如: bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾,变 y为 i,再加 - es,如: family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“ f或 fe”结尾,变 f或 fe为 v,再加 - es,如: knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
( 1)有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a)单数后加’ s如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b)以 s结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’ bags
c)不以 s结尾的复数后加’ s children’s shoes
l并列名词中,如果把’ s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:
Tom and Mike’s car汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’ s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
( 2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of+名词”来表示所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
( 1)不定冠词: a/ an a unit/ an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用 an:
an egg/ an apple/ an orange/ an eraser/ an answer/ an ID card/ an alarm clock/ an actor/ an actress/ an e-mail/ an address/ an event/ an example/ an opera/ an houran old man/ an interesting book/ an exciting sport/ an action movie/ an art lesson/
( 2)定冠词: the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法:
( 1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
( 2)复述上文提到的人或物: He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
( 3)谈话双方都知道的人或物: The boys aren’ t at school.
( 4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.
( 5)用于固定词组中: in the morning/ afternoon/ evening
不用冠词的情况:
( 1)专有名词前: China is a big country.
( 2)名词前有定语: this, that, my, your, some, any, no等:
This is my baseball.
( 3)复数名词表示一类人和事: Monkeys can’ t swim. They are teachers.
( 4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前: Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
( 5)一日三餐前: We have breakfast at 6:30.
( 6)球类棋类运动前: They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
*但乐器前要用定冠词: I play the guitar very well.
( 7)学科名称前: My favorite subject is music.
( 8)在称呼或头衔的名词前: This is Mr Li.
( 9)固定词组中: at noon at night by bus