( 1) on, about关于

on表示这本书、文章、演说是严肃的学术性的，供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;

about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。

例句： There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.

He is writing a book on cooking.

He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.

( 2) by, with, in表示方法、手段、工具

by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;

with表示用…工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段;

in表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

例句： He makes a living by selling newspapers.

He broke the window with a stone.

The foreigner spoke to us in English.

( 3) except, besides除了

except除……之外，不包括在内;

besides除……之外，包括在内。

例句： Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

⑴ this/ that/ these/ those/ last/ next/ a/ every/ each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如： Every year travelers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)/ He had a bad cold that week.(那个星期他患重感冒)

⑵ for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,常翻译成"对于…而言"。如： It's too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(让我在区区一个小时内完成这项工作太难了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子够大的可以容 10个人住)

⑶ of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如： It's very nice/ kind of you to do so.(你这么做真是太好了)

⑷ 介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。

当宾语是疑问词时。 Who are you talking about?(你们在谈论谁)

宾语在从句中当连接词时。 He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有一个需要他照顾的小弟。)/ Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我们的老师在那边和什么人谈话吗)

动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。 I finally found a chair to sit on.(我最终找到了一张椅子坐。)

( 5)记住一些固定词组： arrive at/ in(到达…), on foot(步行), not… at all(根本不), to the north of(在…以北), in the east of(在…的东部), in the night(在夜间), at night(在晚上), be afraid of(害怕…), be full of(充满/装满….), be filled with(充满/装满….), be good/ bad for(对…有益/有害), be made of(由…做成), be made from(由…制造), play with(玩耍……), look out of(朝…外面看), at the end of(在…末梢/结束时), by the end of(不迟于…/到…末为止), with the help of或 with one's help(在…的帮助下), look after(照料…), look for(寻找…), on a bike(= by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做…), get on (well) with(与某人相处[融洽]),等等。