13)名词的复数构成的几种形式
名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I名词复数的规则变化
1.一般在名词词尾加 - s。如:
pear - - - pears hamburger - - - hamburgers
desk - - - desks tree - - - trees
2.以字母 - s, - sh, - ch, - x结尾的名词,词尾加 - es。如:
class - - - classes dish - - - dishes
watch - - - watches box - - - boxes
3.以字母 - o结尾的某些名词,词尾加 - es。如:
potato - - - potatoes tomato - - - tomatoes
Negro - - - Negroes hero - - - heroes
4.以辅音字母加 - y结尾的名词,将 - y变为 - i,再加 - es。如:
family - - - families dictionary - - - dictionaries
city - - - cities country - - - countries
5.以字母 - f或 - fe结尾的名词,将 - f或 - fe变为 - v,再加 - es。如:
half - - - halves leaf - - - leaves
thief - - - thieves knife - - - knives
self - - - selves wife - - - wives
life - - - lives wolf - - - wolves
shelf - - - shelves loaf - - - loaves
但是:
scarf - - - scarves (fes) roof - - - roofs
serf - - - serfs gulf - - - gulfs
chief - - - chiefs proof - - - proofs
belief - - - beliefs
II名词复数的不规则变化
1.将 - oo改为 - - ee。如:
foot - - - feet tooth - - - teeth
2.将 - man改为 - men。如:
man - - - men woman - - - women
policeman - - - policemen postman - - - postmen
3.添加词尾。如:
child - - - children
4.单复数同形。如:
sheep - - - sheep deer - - - deer
fish - - - fish people - - - people
5.表示"某国人"的单、复数变化。
即"中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把 - s加后面"。如:
Chinese - - - Chinese Japanese - - - Japanese Swiss - - - Swiss
Englishman - - - Englishmen Frenchman - - - Frenchmen
American - - - Americans Australian - - - Australians
Canadian - - - Canadians Korean - - - Koreans
Russian - - - Russians Indian - - - Indians
6.其它。如:
mouse - - - mice
apple tree - - - apple trees
man teacher - - - men teachers