主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致
1. 单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。例如: The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2. many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。例如:
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。例如:
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:
Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Tweney pounds isn’ t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’ t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减 4等于 1。
5. 主语是 each/ every+单数名词+ and( each/ every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
To see is to believe眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/ an+单数名词+ or two作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 主语为某些词组,如 one of, each of, every one of, any one of, none of等加复数名词或代词,谓语用单数。如: One of my favorite sports is basketball.
12. 不定代词 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数,例如:
Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。
14. 以— s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如 news, maths, physics等,例如:
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class在我们班数学很受欢迎。
11. people, police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,
The police are waiting for the boy.
15. 由 both… and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;
Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
16“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时,谓语一般用复数。
The Smiths are having dinner.
16. a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数; the number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。
The number of the students is over eight hundred.我们学校的学生数超过 800人。
17. 当 kind of, pair of, glass of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语与 kind, pair, glass等一致。例如:
This pair of shoes is Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。
There are two glasses of wather on the table. 桌上有两杯水。
18. the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。例如:
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐,富人却过得不快乐。
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
19. 以 here, there开关的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如:
There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书,三只钢笔。
Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。
20 or, either… or…, neither… nor…, not only… but also…, not… but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如:
Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。
Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。
21当主语部分含有 with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。例如:
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
22“ lots of/ a lot of/ plenty of+名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词取决于名词的数;若是不可数名词,用单数;若名词是复数,则用复数
23. 由 and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但 and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下: a/ the+单数名词+ and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物; a/ the+单数名词+ and+ a/ the+单数名词,指两个人或物。例如: The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
24 family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。例如:
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’ t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
25 none如果指量,动词用单数。若用来指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数, none如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。
None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。
26 all/ most/ half/ two thirds of/ the rest of+名词作主语,谓语动词由 of后面的名词的数保持一致。 Most of his time is spent on study.