名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。

I名词复数的规则变化

1.一般在名词词尾加 - s。如：

pear - - - pears hamburger - - - hamburgers

desk - - - desks tree - - - trees

2.以字母 - s, - sh, - ch, - x结尾的名词，词尾加 - es。如：

class - - - classes dish - - - dishes

watch - - - watches box - - - boxes

3.以字母 - o结尾的某些名词，词尾加 - es。如：

potato - - - potatoes tomato - - - tomatoes

Negro - - - Negroes hero - - - heroes

4.以辅音字母加 - y结尾的名词，将 - y变为 - i,再加 - es。如：

family - - - families dictionary - - - dictionaries

city - - - cities country - - - countries

5.以字母 - f或 - fe结尾的名词，将 - f或 - fe变为 - v，再加 - es。如：

half - - - halves leaf - - - leaves

thief - - - thieves knife - - - knives

self - - - selves wife - - - wives

life - - - lives wolf - - - wolves

shelf - - - shelves loaf - - - loaves

但是：

scarf - - - scarves (fes) roof - - - roofs

serf - - - serfs gulf - - - gulfs

chief - - - chiefs proof - - - proofs

belief - - - beliefs

II名词复数的不规则变化

1.将 - oo改为 - - ee。如：

foot - - - feet tooth - - - teeth

2.将 - man改为 - men。如：

man - - - men woman - - - women

policeman - - - policemen postman - - - postmen

3.添加词尾。如：

child - - - children

4.单复数同形。如：

sheep - - - sheep deer - - - deer

fish - - - fish people - - - people

5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把 - s加后面”。如：

Chinese - - - Chinese Japanese - - - Japanese

Swiss - - - Swiss

Englishman - - - Englishmen Frenchman - - - Frenchmen

American - - - Americans Australian - - - Australians

Canadian - - - Canadians Korean - - - Koreans

Russian - - - Russians Indian - - - Indians

6.其它。如：

mouse - - - mice

apple tree - - - apple trees

man teacher - - - men teachers