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初二英语语法总结(二)

6)什么是助动词

1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词( Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词( Main Verb)。

助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。doesn't是助动词,无词义; like是主要动词,有词义)

2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:

a. 表示时态,例如: He is singing. 他在唱歌。

He has got married. 他已结婚。

b. 表示语态,例如: He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句,例如: Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?

Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?

d. 与否定副词 not合用,构成否定句,例如: I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气,例如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

3.最常用的助动词有: be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7) forget doing/ to doremember doing/ to do

1. forget to do忘记要去做某事。 (未做)

forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)

The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。( to come动作未做)

典型例题

- - - - The light in the office is still on.

- - - - OhI forgot___.

A. turning it off B. turn it off

C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

答案: Cthe light is still on可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用 forget to do sth.forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

2. remember to do记得去做某事(未做) remember doing记得做过某事(已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗

8) It's for sb.It's of sb.

1. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词, easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2. of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。

3. forof的辨别方法:

用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用 of,不通则用 for如:

You are nice. (通顺,所以应用 of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用 for)

9)对两个句子的提问

新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行

自由提问。例如:

句子:

The boy in blue has three pens.

提问:

1. Who has three pens?

2. Which boy has three pens?

3. What does the boy in blue have?

4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?

很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:

句子:

He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.

提问:

1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10) sosuch与不定冠词的使用

1. so与不定冠词 aan连用,结构为“ so+形容词+ a/ an+名词”。如:

He is so funny a boy.

Jim has so big a house.

2. such与不定冠词 aan连用,结构为“ such+ a/ an+形容词+名词”。如:

It is such a nice day.

That was such an interesting story.