二、动词短语
（一）不同动词+介词/副词
【名师点拨】突破的关键是以动词为中心，即抓住不同动词的意义巧加辨析，当然短语中介词或副词的含义对于短语意义的理解也非常关键。例如， V+ about所构成的短语常可译为“为/关于……而……”，此时所构成的多为及物动词。意为“到处……”等，此时多构成不及物的动词短语。副词 away意为：在远处,到远处,离去，不在场。副词 back意为向后地，落后地，回到原先状态。此类短语多数意为“回……”或“……回”。介词 for表原因、目的。 down和 up， in和 out， into和 out of属于反义词，注意利用他们来判断短语的含义。 on为副词，意为“继续”，介词意为“关于”。 off在短语中多取“断开，离开，终止”之意。 with接对象或目标，意思为“和/与……，以……”。 over表示“结束，在……上面，至……的另一边”。 out用于副词常常表达“出来，过时，耗尽，结束，出现在视野中”等含义。
【高频短语】
1.动词+ about
arrange about安排， argue about辩论, ask about询问， bother about为……操心， bring about带来， chat about闲聊， care about在意， come about发生， go about着手， hang about闲荡， hear about听说, hesitate about犹豫， inquire about打听, know about了解， look about环顾四周， quarrel about争论， read about读到, run about四处跑， see about负责处理， set about开始, speak about谈起, think about考虑， tell about讲述。
【牛刀小试】(请在上面所列高频短语中，选出合适的填入下面空白)
1)_______ before crossing the street.
2) If you_____ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
3) I have never_______ such a strange name of place, can you read it for me?
4) Science_________ many change in our lives.
答案： 1) Look about 2) care about 3) heard about_ 4) brought about
【牛刀小试】(请在上面所列高频短语中，选出合适的填入下面空白)
2.动词+ down
break down分解， bring down使……降低， burn down烧毁， calm down平静下来， come down下落， get down下来， lie down躺下， pass down传下来， settle down安家， slow down慢下来， take down记下， tear down拆毁， turn down拒绝。
【牛刀小试】(请在上面所列高频短语中，选出合适的填入下面空白)
1) Being a shy person, he often finds it hard to_______ others’ offer.
2)— Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
— With so much work filling my mind, I almost______.
3) You’ d better________ the phone number of that restaurant for future reference.
4) The government has taken measures to______ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
答案： 1) turn down 2) break down 3) take down 4) bring down
3.动词+ for
account for解释， answer for对……负责， apply for申请， apologize for为……而道歉， ask for要求得到， beg for请求， call for要求， care for在意， change for用……换， charge for收费， come for来拿， enter for报名参加， fight for为……而战， go for拥护， hope for希望， inquire for查询， leave for离开某地到另一地， long for渴望， make for有利于， mistake for误认为， pay for花钱买， plan for计划做某事， prepare for为……作准备， reach for伸手去拿， run for竞选， stand for象征， search for搜寻， send for派人去请， speak for陈述意见， take for当作， wish for希望， wait for等待。
【牛刀小试】(请在上面所列高频短语中，选出合适的填入下面空白)
1)— Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.
— Yes, that might____ why he did so badly in the last test.
2)— Mom, guess what? I’ve won the 1 st prize!
— This______ a celebration! Let’s go to prepare a party．
3) Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to______ survivors in an earthquake.
4) Can you guarantee me a job when I get there? You know, I have to work in order to______ what I have bought.
答案： 1) account for 2) calls for 3) search for 4) pay for
