There be句型表示的是“某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为 There be( is/ are/ was/ were)+名词+地点状语。例如:
There are fifty-two students in our class.
There is a pencil in my pencil-case.
There was an old house by the river five years ago.
一、各种句式:
1.否定句: There be句型否定句式的构成和含有 be动词的其它句型一样,在 be后加上“ not”,也可用“ no”来表示。即: no+ n.(名词)= not a/ an/ any+ n.(名词)。注意: no+ n.(可数名词单数)= not a/ an+ n.(可数名词单数); no+ n.(可数名词复数)= not any+ n.(可数名词复数); no+ n.(不可数名词)= not any+ n.(不可数名词)。例如:
There is an orange in her bag.
→ There isn't an orange in her bag.
→ There is no orange in her bag.
There are some oranges in her bag.
→ There aren't any oranges in her bag.
→ There are no oranges in her bag.
There is some juice in the bottle.
→ There isn't any juice in the bottle.
→ There is no juice in the bottle.
2.一般疑问句: There be句型的一般疑问句变化只需把 be动词移到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。例如:
There is some money in her handbag.
→ Is there any money in her handbag?(疑问句和否定句中, some改为 any, something改为 anything)
There is something new in today's newspaper.
→ There isn't anything new in today's newspaper.
→ Is there anything new in today's newspaper?
3.特殊疑问句:
There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式:
①对主语提问:当主语是人时,用“ Who's+介词短语?”;当主语是物时,用“ What's+介词短语?”,其中 there在口语中常常省略。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对其提问时一般都用 be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。例如:
There is a bird in the tree. → What's in the tree?
There are some bikes over there. → What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room. → Who is in the room?
②对地点状语提问:用“ Where is\ are+主语?”表示(注意其答语变化),例如:
There is a computer in my office.
→ A: Where is the computer? B: It's in my office.
There are four children in the classroom.
→ A: Where are the four children? B: They're in the classroom.
③ 对数量提问:一般有两种提问方式:
如果主语是可数名词,无论是单数还是复数,都用“ How many+可数名词复数+ are there+介词短语?”表示,例如:
There are twelve months in a year.
→ How many months are there in a year?
There is only one book in my bag.
→ How many books are there in your bag?
There is a cat in the box.
→ How many cats are there in the box?
如果主语是不可数名词,则用“ How much+不可数名词+ is there+介词短语?”表示,例如:
There is some money in my purse. How much money is there in your purse?
反意疑问句: There be或 There加其它动词,其反意疑问句一律用“… there? ”,例如:
There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn't there?
There used to be no school here, used\ did there?
二、注意事项:
1. There be句型中 be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词,或是不可数名词, be动词用“ is/ was”。例如:
There is a basketball in the box.
There is a little milk in the glass.
如果句子的主语是复数名词, be动词就用“ are/ were”。例如:
There are many birds in the tree.
There were many people in the street yesterday.
如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语, be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。例如:
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
2. There与 be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语(如和将来时 be going to或 will、现在完成时 have\ has+ pp. 、 used to结构等连用,注意其构成形式,这一内容在我们日常练习中经常出现错误,是一难点,也是历年中考试题中的一个考点。),例如:
There must be a pen in the box.
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
There used to be a church across from the bank.
3. There be句型和 have\ has的区别:
There be句型表示“存在有”, have\ has表示“拥有、所有”,两者不能同时使用。例如:
桌子上有三本书。→ There are three books on the desk.
我有三本书。→ I have three books.
4. There be+主语+ doing+介词短语,例如:
There is a truck collecting rubish outside.
There is a wallet lying on the ground.