custom& habit
habit指个人“习惯”。 custom指民族或社会的礼节、风俗和习惯。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behavior such as poor eating______, which in turn increases the risk of heart disease.
答案: habits
damage& destroy
damage指部分性的损坏。 destroy指彻底的毁掉或毁灭,无法或很难修复。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
In modern civilization, mankind is______ the planet, all in the name of progress.
答案: destroying
demand& require
demand后可接不定式(但不接动名词),但 require接动名词或不定式的被动形式意为“需要被……”。
demand不接不定式的复合结构( demand of后可接不定式的复合结构),但 require后可接不定式的复合结构。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
The state-run company is______ to make its accounts as transparent_________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
答案: required
die away, die down, die off& die out
die away指声音、风、光线等“渐息”、“渐弱”。如:
The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的声音消失在远处。
die down意为“(慢慢)熄灭”、“平静下来”。如:
The fire died down. 火慢慢熄了。
His anger has died down a bit. 他的怒气已消了一点。
die off意为“一个一个地死去”(= die one by one)。如:
As he grew older, his relatives all died off. 随着他年龄的增长,他的亲人都一个一个地死去了。
die out指家族、种族、习俗、观念等“灭绝”、“绝迹”。如:
Many old customs are dying out. 许多旧习俗正在消失。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
They had to watch their young family______ through lack of food.
答案: die off
No one have come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaur______.
答案: die out
discover, find& find out
表第一次发现以前没有人知道的东西、地方、事实等用 discover。 find是 look for的结果词,指有目的的寻找然后找到。 find out查明,弄清楚。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
Mistakes don’ t just happen; they occur for a reason. ______ the reason, and then making the mistake becomes worthwhile.
答案: Find out
discover& invent
discover主要表示“发现”原来已经存在的东西, invent主要表示“发明”原来不存在的东西。【一言辨异】 Franklin discovered electricity, but Edison invented the electric light bulb. 弗兰克林发现了电,而爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
China______ gunpowder thousands of years ago.
答案: invented
drop& fall
fall表无意识自然坠落,不及物; drop指有意“投下”(及物)。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
The incomes of skilled workers went up. Meanwhile, unskilled workers saw their earnings______.
答案: fall
fairly, quite, rather, very& pretty
fairly指勉强过得去,只是没有否定。这些词语气的轻重可大致描述为:
(not)→ fairly→ quite→ rather/ pretty→ very
只有 rather可以与比较级以及副词 too(太)连用,其他不可。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
In northern countries, a north wind is_______ colder than a south wind.
答案: rather
divide& separate
divide通常指把整体分为若干部分,其后常接介词 into;而 separate通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,其后常接介词 from。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
There were so many people shopping in the mall that we got______ soon after we entered it.
答案: separated
every& each
every(每个)是考虑总体中的所有成员(与 all很接近), each(每个)是逐个逐个地考虑总体(具有个别性)。【小例子】老师给每个( each)学生一一发苹果,发完之后,一看每个( every)学生都有苹果了。
each≥ 2(指两者或两者以上的“每个”), every≥ 3(指三者或三者以上“每个”),因此指两者时只能用 each。如: There are trees on each side of the road. 路两边都有树。
each后接 of短语 every不能。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
On______ of the street were beautiful flowers, which made the city look wonderful indeed.
答案: each
fit& suit
尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合或称职用 fit。
款式或花色等方面的适合 suit,也指符合某人心愿。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
— Is this your second car?
— Yes.Blue is always my colour.It is a little wider but still______ easily into the garage
答案: fits
forget& leave
有表示地点的副词或短语就用 leave而不用 forget。
【牛刀小试】(请选择本组辨析合适单词或短语填入下面空白)
We were in such an anxious rush at that time that we______ the airline tickets.
答案: forgot