What引导的特殊疑问句基本结构有两种情况： 1、 What+一般疑问句？； 2、 What+名词+一般疑问句？（ what后面跟上名词时， what起形容词作用）具体地说：系动词做谓语： What+系动词+ sb/ sth？； What+名词+系动词+ sb/ sth？情态动词做谓语： What+情态动词+ sb/ sth+实义动词？； What+名词+情态动词+ sb/ sth+实义动词？行为动词做谓语： What+助动词+ sb/ sth+实义动词？； What+名词+助动词+ sb/ sth+实义动词？助动词不能单独做谓语。
一、系动词做谓语：
（一） What+系动词+ sb/ sth？
◆询问“是什么？”
— What is it/ this/ that? — It is an eraser.
— What are they/ these/ those? — They are foxes.
— What's this in English? — It's an orange.
◆询问姓名
— What is your name? — My name is Amy.
◆询问某人的职业
— What are you? — I'm a teacher.
— What is he? — He's a doctor.
（句型：疑问词+ be动词+主语+……注意理解下面的句型变化。）
陈述句： He's a doctor.
转变为一般疑问句： Is he a doctor?
特殊疑问句，对 doctor提问： What is he?
◆询问爱好之最
— What is your favorite fruit? — I like watermelon. ( My favorite fruit is watermelon.)
相当于： Which fruit is your like best? I like watermelon best.
类似的还有：
— What is your favorite sport? — I like play basketball.
◆询问电话号码
— What is Amy's telephone number? — It's 83162548.
◆询问日期
— What is( What's) the date today? — It is January 1 st today.
◆询问天气情况
— What is the weather like( in winter)( in Beijing)? — It is cold and windy.
◆询问某人的外貌特征
— What is she like? — She is tall and thin. ( She is like her mother.)
注释：这里的 like是介词，表示“像”“如…一样”。用于要求别人描述某人/某物或者给出他们的意见。
◆询问运算结果
— What is ten plus seven? — It is seventeen.
（二） What+名词+系动词+ sb/ sth？
◆询问星期几
— What day is it today/ tomorrow?
— It's Monday/ Tuesday/ Wednesday/ Thursday/ Friday/ Saturday/ Sunday.
◆询问钟点
— What time is it? — It is 8:00.
◆询问颜色
— What color is your shirt? — It is pink.
◆询问存在范围
— What class/ grade are you in? — We are in Class Two( Grade three).
二、情态动词做谓语：
◆询问能力
— What can you do at home? — I can sweep the floor.
— What can you see on the desk? — I can see some erasers.
◆询问意愿
— What would you like to do? — I would like to have a picnic.
— What would you like for lunch? — I would like some green beans.
注释： would like to do= want to do，这里的 like是行为动词，意思是“喜欢”。
三、行为动词做谓语：
（一） What+助动词+ sb/ sth+实义动词？
◆询问“正在干什么？”
— What are you doing? — I am making a birthday card.
— What are the elephants doing? — They are sleeping.
注释：这里的 are是助动词，而不是系动词，它跟 doing一起构成现在时时态。
◆询问“将要干什么？”
— What are you going to do next weekend? — We are going to our grandparents.
— What are you going to be? — I am going to be a teacher.
注释：这里的 are是助动词，而不是系动词，它跟 going to一起构成将来时时态。
◆询问某人的职业
— What do you do? — I am a policeman.
— What do you do? — We are teachers.
◆询问生活习惯
— What do you (usually) do on the weekend? — I often go hiking.
◆询问一日三餐
— What do you have for dinner? — I have beef and rice.
◆询问课程？
— What (classes) do you have on Wednesday? — We have English and Art.
（二） What+名词+助动词+ sb/ sth+实义动词？
— What classes do you have on Wednesday? — We have English and Art.
— What sports do you like? — I like basketball.
四、常用的特殊句型：
What about you? 询问情况或打听消息，当对方谈的事情不明确，需要询问清楚时，也可用这一句型。如：
I'd like a cup of tea. What about you? 我想喝杯茶，你呢？
寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语。如：
I'm a student. What about you? 我是学生，你呢？
