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蛇年一起来说“蛇”

同学们,今年是蛇年。蛇与龙一样,都属于十二生肖。小时候,听老人讲“属蛇”就是“属小龙”。龙代表刚猛,蛇象征柔韧,一个刚,一个柔。中国人讲究刚柔并济,以柔克刚。蛇是现实世界的生灵,而龙是模拟身体细长的蛇而想象出来的神话动物。英语表示“蛇”的词有 snake(蛇)、 serpent(巨蛇)、 viper(蝰蛇)、 cobra(眼镜蛇)等。今天我们就一起来说说“蛇”吧!

A snake is a crawling animal with a very long thin body and no legs.

蛇是一种身体非常细长而无足的爬行动物。

在西方文化中,蛇常使人联想到阴险、凶恶和奸诈。《圣经·旧约》记载了 the Serpent in Eden的故事。伊甸园之蛇诱惑夏娃( Eve)和亚当( Adam)偷吃禁果,唆使他们犯了原罪,使他们被逐出伊甸园。

snake/ viper in one's/ the bosom这个成语源自古希腊伊索寓言。一个农夫怜悯冻僵的毒蛇,将其放入怀中,毒蛇苏醒后咬死了农夫。 snake in one's/ the bosom的字面意思是“怀中的蛇”,比喻“忘恩负义的人”。

Never cherish a serpent in your bosom.

永远不要施惠于忘恩负义之徒。

snake in the grass这个成语源自古罗马诗人维吉尔( Virgil)的诗作《牧歌》,其中有一句相当于英语的 a snake that lurks in the grass,即“暗藏在草丛中的蛇”。英语成语 snake in the grass比喻 a person who pretends to be your friend but who cannot be trusted because he is secretly damaging you at the same time,或 a treacherous friend who is actually your secret enemy,即“阴险小人”,例如:

He is a real snake in the grass. Don't believe anything he says.

他是个货真价实的阴险小人。他说什么都不要相信。

汉语中有些带“蛇”的成语,如蛇蝎心肠( have a heart as malicious as snakes and scorpions)、毒如蛇蝎( to be as venomous as snakes and scorpions)、牛鬼蛇神( ox-headed ghosts and snake-bodied demons)、地头蛇( snake in its old haunt)等,也具有阴险凶恶的含义,例如:

强龙难压地头蛇: Even a mighty dragon finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt. / A powerful outsider can hardly overwhelm a local bully.

The ending of the play has only ruined its effect.

不过,蛇并不总是负面的。中国民间故事和传统戏曲《白蛇传》( A Tale of the White Snake)塑造了白蛇( the White Snake)和青蛇( the Green Snake)两个动人的正面艺术形象。

埃及和印度等国家具有与蛇相关的文化,耍蛇( snake charming)是一种传统的民间技艺,例如:

The art of snake charming is widely believed to have started in ancient Egypt.

人们普遍认为耍蛇术起源于古埃及。

Snake charming is the practice of pretending to hypnotize a snake by playing an instrument.

耍蛇是通过演奏乐器假装给蛇催眠的活动。

In India, one can easily find a snake charmer performing in the market or on the street. The exotic sight of a mystic man with a basket across his shoulder has been a century’s old image of India.

在印度,人们很容易在市场或街道上发现耍蛇者在表演。神秘人肩背竹篓的异域景象是印度一个世纪以来的古老标志。

我国有道著名的粤菜,名曰“龙虎斗”,其主料是蛇肉和狸猫肉,例如:

The famous dish in Guangdong Province, calledthe Fight Between the Dragon and the Tigeris actually braised snake and leopard cat.

这道叫作“龙虎斗”的广东名菜实际上是炖蛇肉和狸猫肉。

同学们,你们喜欢蛇吗?