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替代词用法详解

今天在这里讲的替代词,就是在日常学习中所用的代词或量词。针对学生们常见的一些练习和考题,我们总结了一下几种特殊替代用法:

一、 it在句中作形式主语或形式宾语的替代用法

1. it作形式主语可以代替句中的动词不定式、动词 - ing分词或一个句子。

It is important for us to learn English well.It替代不定式 to learn English

It is no use making such an apology to us Chinese.It替代动词 - ing分词 making such an apology

It is happy for her parents that she is well now.It替代句子 that she is well now

2. it作形式宾语可以代替句中的动词不定式,此时句中的谓语事由某些特殊动词(如: find, think, feel等)充当的。

I find it impossible to finish so much work in such a short time.it替代不定式 to finish so much work

二、 that/ this在句中的替代用法

1. that

A: I'm going to wear my new jeans to her party.

B: You can't do that.that替代 to wear my new jeans to her party这一事情)

2. this

this在介绍某人或某物时,指的是靠近自己的一方。

A: Hi, Mr. Smith, This is my friend, Bill.

B: Nice to meet you, Bill.

C: Nice to meet you, Mr. Smith.

this在电话用语中指的是自己。

A: Hello, may I speak to Miss Li?

B: This is Miss Li speaking.(我就是李女士)

三、 which/ that等在定语从句中的替代用法

1. which在句中放指物的先行词后或整个句子后,引导限定性定语从句或非限定性定语从句。

She said I was lazy, which isn't true.which替代句子 She said I was lazy

This is the pen which was bought by my father.which替代的是 the pen

2. that在句中放先行词后,引导限定性定语从句,既可指物,也可指人。

The book that she borrowed from the library was lost.that替代的是 The book

The man that with a knife in his hand is a murderer.that替代的是 The man

The pants are too small for me, Can you show me another pair?(因为 another后面只能跟单数可数名词,故而这里用 pair代替,意为 a pair of pants

3.如果没有 another时,则可用 ones替代。

The red pants are too small for me. Can you show me the blue ones?(此处 ones替代的是 pants

同样,当遇上不可数名词时,也要用相应的一些量词来代替 one的概念,或用相应的量词复数来代替 ones的概念。

The paper is too small for the little girl to paint on, please give her another piece.(因为有 a piece of paper

I'm so hungry that this slice of chicken isn't enough. Could you give me 3 more slices?(代替的是 3 more slices of chicken

更多例句(请注意下面两句的细微差别)

1) A: Look! There are many bottles of milk on the desk.

B: Yes, and which one do you like best?(此处用 one的原因是 A句中已经出现 bottles of milk,所以可以代替 one bottle of milk

2) A: There is much milk on the desk.

B: Yes, but which bottle/ bag do you like best?(此处 A句中心词为 milk,因为 milk前面不能用 one来直接修饰,而只能用 bottlebag来代表数量,可以说 a bottle/ bag of milk

四、某些名词所有格也可以作替代词

1) A: Where is Jeanie?

B: Oh, she is at Mary's.(这里的 Mary's代替的是 Mary's house

2) Yesterday Tom's father was ill, now he is at the doctor's.(这里的 doctor's代替的是 doctor's room/ clinic