一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow(明天), next week(下周), from now on(从现在开始), in the future(将来)等。一般将来时由助动词 shall/ will(第一/二、三人称)+动词原形或 be going to+动词原形构成。
一、 be going to与 will的区别
be going to与 will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事,但它们有如下几点区别:
1. be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情, will表示的将来时间则较远一些,如:
He is going to write a letter tonight.
He will write a book one day.
2. be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情, will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情,如:
He is seriously ill. He is going to die.
He will be twenty years old.
3. be going to含有“计划,准备”的意思,而 will则没有这个意思,如:
She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to,而多用 will,如:
If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
二、 will和 be going to的选用原则
1.关于“打算”
原先作好的打算用 be going to,如:
- - - Kate is in hospital. 凯特在住院。
- - - Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon. 是的,我知道。我下午要去看她。
说话时即时的打算用 will,如:
- - - Kate is in hospital. 凯特在住院。
- - - Oh, really, I didn't know. I will go and see her at once. 哦,是吗?我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。
2. 关于“预料”
在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用 be going to,如:
Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 你看天上的云。快下雨了。
My God! We are going to crash. 天哪!我们快撞车了。
在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用 will, be going to皆可,如:
( 1)我想天会晴朗。
I think the weather will be nice.
I think the weather is going to be nice.
( 2)你想车能发动起来吗?
Do you think the car will start?
Do you think the car is going to start?
当动词表示内心活动时,表示猜测的句子必须用 will,如:
I think she will like the cake I made for her. 我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。
be going to中的 be是助动词,它有 am, is, are三种形式,没有什么实际意义; to是动词不定式的标志词,标志词后动词用原形。它们三个总是形影不离,在句中共同表达“计划、打算、准备去做……”的意思,如:
I am going to sell this old car, and buy a new one. 我打算卖掉这辆旧车,然后买辆新车。
三、用法篇
be going to必须与表示将来的时间信息词如 this afternoon, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow以及 next系列时间短语等连用。它可表示:
1.事先经过考虑、安排近期要做的事情,如:
They are going to the park this weekend. 他们打算这周末去公园。
2.根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生,如:
What bad weather! It is going to snow tomorrow. 多糟的天气!看来明天要下雪。
注意:
1. be going to的肯定式是“主语+ be going to+ do(动词原形)+...”,上面的例句中就有肯定句,再仔细看看吧!
2. be going to的否定式是在助动词 be后加 not,句型为“主语+ be+ not+ going to+ do+...”,如:
Peter is not going to make a model ship. 彼得不打算做一个轮船模型。
3. be going to的疑问式是把助动词 be移到句首,句型为“ Be+主语+ going to do+...?”,这和 be作联系动词时的用法相似,如:
- - - Are you going to mend his chair soon? 你打算马上给他修椅子吗?
- - - Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 是的,马上修。/不,没这个想法。
现在同学们知道怎么区分 will与 be going to了吗?