高考一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单,但命题者有意把题干复杂,改写为一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类题,我们可以反其道而行之,把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构,这样题目就会变得简单,答案就会一目了然,具体来说,可采用以下几种方法:
1. 将倒装句改成陈述句
由于倒装句的使用,句子的结构变得陌生,对于这类题,可将题干还原成一个陈述句。
【典型例题】
Who did the teacher________ an article for the school newspaper?
A. has write
B. has written
C. have write
D. have written
分析:把本题题干改成陈述句,则应是: The teacher had who write an article for the school newspaper.
这样我们一眼就可以看出答案为 C。测试的知识点是使役动词 have的宾语补足语用省去 to的动词不定式,表示将要发生的动作。
2. 将陈述句改为倒装句
我们首次接触时是一个倒装句,而命题者恰恰是有意地使用陈述句来命题。
【典型例题】
We had________ left home than it began to rain.
A. no sooner B. hardly C. almost D. nearly
分析: no sooner... than是一个大家十分熟悉的句型。在考察知识点时,命题者却使用了一个陈述句。如果把题干改成:________ had we left home than it began to rain,这道题的答案 A也就变得十分清楚了。
3. 将从句或插入语去掉
命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入一个从句或插入语,造成主谓隔离。如果将题干中的从句或插入语去掉,题干就会变得很简单。
【典型例题】
The person we spoke to___ no answer at first.
A. make B. making C. makes D. made
分析;可以看出 we spoke to是一个定语从句。将其去掉后,我们就会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词。故本题选 D。
4. 将被动句改为主动句
由于被动句的使用,句子的结构相对于主动句来说就没有那么清楚。我们如果将其改为主动句,这类题就会变得清楚的多。
【典型例题】
Time should be made good use of___ our lessons well.
A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns
分析:将题干改写为主动句则: We should make good use of time________ our lesson well。可以发现介词 of有其相应的宾语,其后不能再用动名词做宾语,应选不定式做目的状语。答案是 C。
5. 将省略句改为完整的句子
省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类试题,可恢复被省略的成分,使句子的结构变得明朗,进而选择合适的答案。
【典型例题】
— How long has China been open to the world?
—________ 1979.
A. After B. In C. Since D. From
分析:将答语部分改为一个完整的句子: China has been open to the world since 1979. 在所给的选项中只有 since能和现在完成时连用。故答案为 C。
6.将强调句的 it be和 that去掉还原成一个单句
【典型例题】
It was in the small house________ was built with stone by his father________ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that
B. that, which
C. which, which
D. that, where
分析:可将题干还原成一个陈述句: He spent his childhood in the small house which was built with stone by his father. 故答案为 A。
7. 将疑问句还原为陈述句
【典型例题】
Is this book________ you have been looking for all the time﹖
A. that B. one C. the one D. it
分析:首先把疑问句还原成陈述句,题干即为 This book is________ you have been looking for all the time. 容易看出该题是一个缺少表语且含有定语从句的主从复合句。不难看出,定语从句 you have been looking for all the time修饰的先行词是主句的表语,而选项中只有 the one符合要求。故答案为 C。
8. 将固定短语还原
【典型例题】
That was________ we had in Beijing 13 years ago!
A. wonderful time
B. a wonderful time
C. wonderful
D. wonderfully
分析:在某些复合句中,被修饰的先行词与定语从句中的动词可构成固定短语。此句可还原为: We had a wonderful time in Beijing 13 years ago.可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配 had a wonderful time(玩得愉快),定语从句中省略了关系代词 that,故答案为 B。